Gini Coefficient
MARKET: Economics
A measurement of the income distribution of a country's residents. This number, which ranges between 0 and 1 and is based on residents' net income, helps define the gap between the rich and the poor, with 0 representing perfect equality and 1 representing perfect inequality.
Gilts
MARKET: Fixed Income
Fixed-rate bonds issued by the governments of the United Kingdom, South Africa, and Ireland. The term is of British origin and refers to the debt securities issued by the Bank of England, which had a gilt (or gilded) edge. Hence, the reference to gilt-edged securities, or gilts for short.
Globalisation
MARKET: General
The integration of different domestic economies by means of international trade, international capital flows, the exchange of technology and information and the movement of human resources across national borders.
Gold and Foreign Exchange Reserve Account
These represent reserves held by the South African Reserve Bank to meet obligations in foreign currency and to maintain liquidity in the presence of external market shocks.
‘Good day’
A business day for the transaction in a particular currency or currency pairs
Gold Standard
MARKET: FX
An international arrangement whereby countries defined their currency exchange parities against a fixed amount of gold. This existed before World War I, briefly in the inter-war period, and partly again after World War II. It was gradually abandoned after 1971.
Green Shoot
MARKET: General
Used colloquially to indicate signs of economic recovery during an economic downturn. It was first used in this sense by Norman Lamont, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom, during the 1991 economic recession. At the time, Chancellor Lamont was criticised for "insensitivity". The phrase was used again by Baroness Vadera, the then Business Minister of the UK in January 2009 to refer to signs of economic recovery during the late-2000s recession, again to criticism from the media and opposition politicians. The phrase was also used by Fed Chairman, Ben Bernanke, in a 15 March 2009 interview with CBS 60 Minutes, following which it has been used increasingly in the media and by a number of commentators to refer to positive economic data and statistics during the recession.
Greenback
MARKET: General
Slang term used for US paper dollars. Got the name from the colour
Gross Borrowing Requirement
MARKET: Economics
This is the sum of the main budget deficit, extraordinary payments and receipts and maturing debt payments. . The amount is generally funded through domestic short-term and long-term loans, foreign loans and changes in cash balances.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
MARKET: Economics
The market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time, normally one year and is one of several measures of the size of a country’s economy
Gross Domestic Product Inflation (GDP Inflation)
MARKET: Economics
Is a measure of the total increase in prices in the entire economy. GDP inflation, unlike CPI inflation, includes price increases in exported goods and intermediate goods, such as machines, but excludes imported goods.
Gross Fixed Capital Formation
MARKET: Economics
This is the addition to the fixed capital stock of a country during a specified period, before making provision for depreciation.
Gross National product (GNP)
MARKET: Economics
An economic statistic that includes GDP, plus any income earned by residents from overseas investments, minus income earned within the domestic economy by overseas residents.
Group of Eight (G8)
The G7 plus Russia
